Body & Cultural Text Essay

When a person has watched a film, advertisement or read a book, there are distinct elements that are evident throughout the work of art that seemingly communicate more than their surface meaning. This essay seeks to demonstrate how metaphor, connotation and metonym are usually used in distinct cultural texts such as in books, film and others. It specifically applies the basic concepts of communication theory to cultural texts, objects and images. Body Communication theory lays emphasis on exchange and production of meaning and information through symbols and signs (Littlejohn, 2002). It draws its argument from encoding and sending of a specific message, where it is received and decoded by the recipient and synthesized for a meaning and information to be drawn out of it. What communication theory depicts is that communication does permeate all evels of human experience while being central to comprehending a certain human behavior (Griffin, 1997). Through metonym, metaphor and connotation, the main elements of communication theory are brought into focus, since they are figurative use of sending certain messages but in distinct ways. Through them, cultural texts are deciphered and understood, where meanings are drawn beyond the surface meaning. Metonym Metonym, a figure of speech, is rhetorically used where a concept or entity is not called by its name but through the name of another thing that is associated intimately with it. It is the use of a single object or thing to identify another, which might be related. For example, in Act III, scene II of Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, (Lines 74-77): ‘Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears’ (Pickering & Hoeper, 1982). ‘Ear’ in this case represents attention, since it is the ears that we use to pay attention to speech. Once the ‘lending ear’ (attention) has been heard, the basic understanding of ‘lend’ (to borrow something) is stretched to include nonmaterial things, in this case attention. Washington might be the capital of the United States, but it is usually used as an obvious metonym for the U. S. government. In film, metonym gives meaning to distinct elements of plot, such as in the recent movie, American Beauty. It is a comedy where personal, inner conflict is depicted through metonyms. For instance, the protagonist, ‘Tootsie’, shows signs of inner conflict when he lacks confidence to carry out a scam. In another level of conflict, metonyms in the form of coworkers, boss, father, friends, TV audience and his love depict the protagonist’s social conflict. The movie is all about different levels of conflict that are splendidly shown metonymically, through different contexts. This is achieved through outward projection of different levels of conflict on other characters it is seen, creating a very dramatic impact. Particular types of metonyms in substitution do influence our thoughts, actions and attitudes. This is achieved through focusing on a specific aspect and suppressing another inconsistent with a particular metonym. For example, Lakoff and Johnson argue that when you think about ‘Picasso’, your thoughts move beyond a piece of art (1980). You start thinking of it in relation to the individual, his artistic conception, technique, art in history and other relations. Connotation Connotation in texts, expressions and in mere words shows the expressed and emotive part of a language. Seemingly, all connotative signs and expressions lie vaguely midway between ambiguity and symbolism. For instance, the word ‘iron’ denotes a very tough metal but can connote that a man is a piece of ‘iron’ since he has won a boxing match without a problem. Connotations form a major component of poetry, where its power of expression, suggestion and emotion offers parameters that gauge the literary capability of an author while the cultural text awareness of the reader is revealed. This means that connotation must be culture and text bound to be of any significance. For instance, in Elizabethan times black was synonymous to piracy, lust, infidelity and cruelty. This is shown in Shakespeare’s depiction of Elizabethan disgust of the connotation black in more vivid racial terms. In Othello, Iago expresses that â€Å"†¦ an old black ram is tupping your white ewe† and â€Å"arise†¦or else the devil will make a grandsire of you† (Pickering & Hoeper, 1982). This association of Othello shows the established historical connotation that Western nations had concerning black as pure evil. The communicative element of connotation is pervasive and everywhere. It is expressed in all cultures and dwells across all ages in all literary styles, genres, cultural expression such as music, architecture and painting. Music offers something more to people beyond the rhythm and stones, thus connotation end up being capable of having double meanings and creating euphemisms. In film, connotation makes a communicative entry, as in the official poster of Ugly Betty, Season 2. In the poster, there is a darker background that lies behind Alexis, Amanda, Daniel, Marc, Claire and Willie, connoting Mode as being business and in that juncture, wealth and money equals evil and power. In the same poster, there is a white and blue background behind Betty, Hilda, Henry, Justin, Christina and Iganscio. This connotes family, happiness, tranquility and deeper peace. In hair product advertisements, the portrayal of hair as free flowing and seemingly in motion in an immaculate style connotes a woman readying herself to socialize, in that the free-flowing hair connotes freedom, as elaborated by Williamson, (1978). Metaphor Metaphors are simply comparisons showing two things, unlike in a major way, but importantly similar in a certain way. Being an analogy, a metaphor lies between two ideas or objects and elaborated through the usage of a certain word, which communicates figuratively. In books, metaphors communicate a poetic imagination that enables authors such as Shakespeare to show a comparison between the world and stage, where humans enter and leave the stage, as seen in the drama â€Å"As You Like It†, while Robert Frost’s poem, ‘The Road Not Taken’ compares the life of a person to a journey. In film, metaphors elaborate issues figuratively, such as in a short film entitled The Unique Oneness of Christian Savage. In the film, a child loses a best friend who falls from a tall tree where they had been playing. The child then runs away from the funeral and the words spoken, and starts beating the â€Å"evil† tree that killed the friend using a broken branch. This is a visual metaphor introducing an element of conflict without the use of words but very powerful. In adverts, metaphors are used in associating products using semantic domains that have positive connotations. The truth in an advert appears like a law for advertisers to keep off from explicitly making such statements that might be either true or false. For instance, in an air freshener advert, it might be said in an advert that it will bring a tropical breeze in your home. While it is obvious it cannot do this, what is metaphorically communicated is that your house will have fresh air. In addition, the communicative element of metaphors also takes a visual course, where it becomes a window of new thinking. These visuals give the individual a chance to escape while those who are creative can explain and interpret a novel world. In understanding the metaphor, the interpretation is on the world we live where we establish the relationship. In advertising, this is even clearer and true in the recent highly creative and digital images in advertisements. In fact, the smarter a metaphor is the more unforgettable and memorable the advert campaign. In some Ford Motors adverts, the car transforms itself in different terrains, into a metallic ape along a mountain and a crocodile in a river. This is a visual metaphor for strength and safety. Most importantly, the more fun and creative the metaphor, the more unforgettable the message it conveys. It has been a major sell for adverts with figurative images. For instance, there are adverts on the campaigns on Aids by the French. It has images which are very captivating and fearful but communicate their intention. One is a naked man having sex with a gigantic venomous arachnid, while another shows a female doing the same with another, a metaphor for unprotected sex. It is disgusting and scary to say the least, but aptly effective. Such graphical metaphors depict the underlying element of communicative theory, where the way communication is done might not be important, rather, it is whether the message has been communicated at all (Littlejohn, 2002). In the case of the French Aids Campaign adverts, the emotional figurative hook connects well with the audience. Conclusion Metonyms, connotation, and metaphors are demonstrated in cultural texts with a communicative element that edifies the spirit of the communication theory. All of them work in different ways to aid communication. References Griffin, E. (1997). A first look at communication theory (3rd edition). New York: McGraw-Hill. Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Littlejohn, S. W. (2002). Theories of human communication (7th edition). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Pickering, J. & Hoeper, J. (1982). Literature. London: Macmillan. Williamson, J. (1978). Decoding Advertisements. London: Marion Boyars.

A Morbid Taste for Bones by Ellis Peters

A Morbid Taste for Bones by Ellis Peters has an unusual plot. It describes the story of a monk detective, Cadfael, who is a Benedictine monk at the Shrewbury Abbey at Shrewbury.A monk of the monastery, Brother Columbanus becomes prone to various hallucinations that compel him to think that he has come across St. Winifred (who was a Welsh girls in her mundane life and was elevated to the level of sainthood after being executed by a malevolent feudal.His assertion about the unhappiness due to indifferent attitude of the local Welsh people and wish for reposition compels the monastery’s head to set an expedition to bring the relics of the saint.As Cadfael is a master of all trades and a Welsh native, so he is chosen by the monastic authorities for this excursion. The whole story revolves around his efforts for the acquisition of bones from a village in Wales.Peters set the story in the historical perspective of 12th century and correlates the socio-cultural, political and economi c milieu of the contemporary era with the major thematic expression of the story. The movement of the plot takes place against the background of civil war between King Stephen and Empress Maud.Peters clearly illustrates the effect of this power struggle for the throne on the common folks of England and Wales.Peters does not directly refers to this struggle but characters converse the course of this event and its effect on them.It further manifests the political power that Church holds in the lives of the people and how they ploy to augment and expand their power. Time and again, it is illustrated that acquisition of relics is not to honor the plea of the saint but it is motivated by Prior Robert’s craving to consolidate his political power.It further referes to rivalry and hatred between Welsh, Normans as well as Saxons and also highlights Crusades in its historical perspective. This book beautifully unifies the original plot with the contemporary history in a way that does n ot seem inapproriate.ReferencesEllis, Peters. (1979). Morbid Taste for Bones: The First Chronicle of Brother Cadfael.

State of Texas economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

State of Texas economic - Essay Example Governor Perry regards the focus on these industries as a significant economic strategy (texaswideopenforbusiness). They key industries are advanced technology and manufacturing; aerospace, aviation and defense, biotechnology and life science, information and computer technology; petroleum refining and chemical products; and energy (texaswideopenforbusiness). Economies suffer considerably at the hands of, lacking skilled force (Powell and Lindsay 2). World Bank declared that the factors leading to the high pace of economic growth and development of the ‘tiger economies’ is sustained productivity, technological investment, and human resource investment on continuous basis (Powell and Lindsay 2). Texas has a work force commission known as TWC. TWC is a commission for the employers and helps them in refining and upgrading the skills of their employees and work force (texaswideopenforbusiness). The programs that TWC employs are; skill development, apprenticeship, on job training and literacy education to help employees developing their skills better and further and increase their productivity (texaswideopenforbusiness). Texas has an infrastructure that is considered business friendly. It provides and maintains up to the standard modern transportation facilities and logistical advantages (texaswideopenforbusiness). Texas provides business support by providing state-of-the-art land, air and sea transportation means; such infrastructure lends support to businesses and allows them to access national and international markets in time (texaswideopenforbusiness). Texas also has modern energy provision systems, like wind farms, nuclear power, and coal power, all contributing to the developing businesses and people of Texas

Ameican wilderness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ameican wilderness - Essay Example In the given paper will discuss the records of the two governors of early American colonies. William Bradford (1590-1657) is known as an American colonial ruler and a Pilgrim head. He became famous due to great number of facts. The most important achievements of Bradford are the foundation of Plymouth Colony and the establishing peaceful relations with Native Americans (Perkins, 2006). The record of William Bradford tells us about the Pilgrims’ arrival in 1620: â€Å"being thus arrived in a good harbor and brought safe to land, they fell upon their knees & blessed ye God of heaven, who had brought them over ye vast & furious ocean, and delivered them from all ye perils & miseries thereof, again to set their feet on ye firmer and stable earth, their proper element† (Bradford (Edited by Samuel Eliot Morison, 1967) Their primary goal was to find a place where they would become independent in their religious belief. Pilgrims considered Virginia to be a right place for them. However, they arrived in the place where there was no government, so they had to form it. M ayflower Compact, a document created by Pilgrims, became a record of the new laws and William Bradford was appointed as a leader. From the Bradford’s record we find out that the new conditions differed much from the life the Pilgrims got used to. It was very difficult for people to survive the first winter, which was extremely cold. Bradford understood that the help of Native Americans was essential, so he established the agreement with the Wamponoag tribe head. This tribe was one of the friendly tribes, which helped new Americans adopt to the new life. Bradford was the organizer of the first Thanksgiving Day held in order to thank Native Americans for their help. Bradford wrote in his records, that â€Å"†¦and no marvel if they were thus joyful, seeing wise  Seneca  was so affected with sailing a few miles on ye coast of his own  Italy; as he affirmed, that he had rather

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 26

Summary - Essay Example However, many people have questioned the reality of the zero-hours working arrangement concept. To start with, there have been serious concerns about the zero-hours work arrangement. Firstly, there was a serious problem with the arrangement considering the requirement for employees to be present at work premises. Some employers only paid for the time that workers were actively working. This was a problem because this arrangement favored the employers only since employees could do nothing with the unpaid time that was spend at the employers premises (CIPDa, 2013). This problem was solved through legal regulations leading to the reduction of zero-hours work arrangement. However, the concept of zero-hours working contract has been shown to develop popularity in the recent years. Secondly, there has been a concern about employment rights and benefits to the employees working under the zero-hours work arrangement. Under this arrangement, many employees are not entitled to benefits such as work service on retirement. Finally, there is a concern about financial insecurity for the employees under this system. This is because there are a lot of uncertainties considering the fact that workers get paid for work done only when they get an opportunity to work. Interestingly, zero-hours contracts, like other forms of casual work contracts, involves transfer of risks between the employers and employees. However, it is worth pointing out that employers also take some form of risk in these types of arrangements because employees may not be available at the time of need (CIPD, 2013). This is in contrast to the permanent forms of employment contracts where there is mutual agreement between the employer and employee depending on the bargaining powers of each party. On the other hand, leaders express different opinions concerning the Zero-hours contracts work arrangement. This is evidenced by the different feedbacks from leaders interviewed in the BBC News. During the

Surface analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Surface analysis - Essay Example For example, corrosion in metal is prevented through the use of specific chemicals; various optical effects on lenses may be done through special coatings; and automobile emissions are significantly reduced through the unique chemical composition on the surface of an auto-exhaust catalyst. To achieve the desired function, the surface a material should be analyzed to determine its physical characteristics, chemical composition, chemical and atomic structure, electronic state, and molecular bonding (Vickerman, 2009). Methods Several probes may be applied on a solid surface to measure its response, namely: electrons, ions, neutrons, photons, and heat or field. Each probe has a specific response. The combination of probes and corresponding responses provides 36 basic classes of experimental techniques which may be utilized for surface analysis. Table 1 Most Commonly Used Surface Analysis Methods Incident Excitation Probe photon electron ion neutron electric/magnetic field Radiation Detec ted photon FTIR, Raman, XAFS, EXAFS, SFG, IR EDAX NRA GDOES electron XPS/ESCA, UPS, (AE) XAFS AES, SAM, SEM, TEM, LEED, RHEED, SPE, STM, EELS STM, AFM ion SIMS, LEIS, RBS, ISS neutron INS As shown in Table 1, the following shows the most commonly used surface analysis methods: FTIR – Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy; Raman Vibrational Spectroscopy; XAFS – X-ray Absorption Fine Structure analysis; EXAFS – Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure analysis; SFG – Sum Frequency Generation; IR – Infrared Spectroscopy; EDAX – Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-rays; NRA – Nuclear Reaction Analysis; GDOES – Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy; XPS/ESCA – X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy / Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis; UPS – Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy; (AE) XAFS – Auger Emission X-ray Absorption Fine Structure analysis; AES – Auger Electron Spectroscopy; SAM –Sc anning Auger Spectroscopy; SEM – Scanning Electron Microscopy; TEM – Transmission Electron Microscopy; LEED – Low Energy Electron Diffraction; RHEED – Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction; SPE – Spin Polarized Electron spectroscopy; STM – Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy; EELS – Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy; AFM – Atomic Force Microscopy; SIMS – Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry; LEIS – Low Energy Ion Scattering spectroscopy; RBS – Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy; ISS – Ion Scattering Spectroscopy; and INS – Inelastic Neutron Scattering; Analysis Auger electron spectroscopy or AES is considered as a key chemical surface analysis tool for conducting material samples. The AES technique is based on the excitation of auger electrons which allow not only the imaging of atoms but for chemical identification as well. Information available through AES ranges between the first 2 to 10 at omic layers of the sample surface (Matheiu, 2009). Meanwhile, low energy electron diffraction or LEED works by bombarding a surface with beam of low energy electrons which enable the identification of the surface structure by electron diffraction (Vickerman, 2009). A beam of low energy electrons between 10 to 200 eV is used to determine crystallographic structure. A device called a Retarding Field Analyzer is utilized to detect diffracted electrons. Diffracted electrons appear as spots on a phosphorescent screen which move according to energy variations of electrons. The intensity of the spots also provides information regarding surface reconstructions (Walker, 2011). An auger

Organisational Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Organisational Psychology - Essay Example Organisation behaviour refers to the study of human behaviour and trying to relate it with the individuals dynamism in a given organisation set up. Organisation behaviour as a subject is broken down into simpler aspects which are applied when trying to understand the individual’s fitting in a given set up (Saul, 2014; Robbins, 2009). The levels of the study of organisational behaviour include micro level which is the study of the individuals in the organisation, meso-level which focuses on the work groups that make an organisation and the macro-level which focuses on the way organizations behave in regard to individual’s personality. Organisations are made up of different individuals who are brought together and their minds synchronized to work and deliver in the overall interest of the whole organisation. This is hard and it is the place where the aspect of organisational behaviour comes in. This work will therefore analyse the theories of personality and then look and how relevant they are in a given organisation. In the second part of the paper we shall identify and evaluate the effect of power relationship and the role they play in motivating the workers. Theories of personality are important in explaining the dynamicity of the individual in relation to the organization he/she is working in. According to Allport, 1961, personality is the dynamic organisation within the individual of those psychophysical systems that that determine his characteristics behaviour and though (p. 28). Weinberg and Gould, 1999, personality is defined as the characteristics or blend of characteristics that make a person unique. Personality of different people is therefore different and though the theories that will be explained in this work will show a correlation between them it is important to understand the different people to place them in the places that they will deliver best. All the definitions that

Essentials of Life-Span Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Essentials of Life-Span Development - Essay Example The researcher will begin with the statement that he was born in Miami, Florida, and has lived most of his life there. His parents are still together and very supportive of him and his siblings. They have a close-knit, loving family relationship and depend on each other for emotional support. The researcher is the middle child of four siblings that include an older sister, and, a younger sister and brother. His younger brother is still in school, a junior; however his sisters and the author all graduated from the same high school, Pine High School. Researcher’s older sister is in nursing school at Delgado Community College; his younger sister and he also attend college there. The author’s temperament is easy going; he is extroverted and friendly. He feels that one of the main reasons for this is because his family is so close and supportive. It makes it easy to face the challenges of his life knowing that people are there for him. The researcher tries hard to stay healt hy by choosing healthy meals and taking time for exercise. As well he drinks water and does his best to get enough sleep. He avoids risky behaviors as much as possible. The author knows that as he proceeds through the life cycle, his strength and endurances will decline, therefore he wants to stay strong as long as possible so he tries to take care of his body and mind by choosing healthy behaviors. The author has many hobbies that are fulfilling to him. He enjoys shopping, eating and hanging out with his sisters and friends.  

Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Movie Review Example Anderson bizarrely presents this against the framework of an abrupt and histrionically fluctuating realm in Zubrowka. The film presents intriguing tales that entreats history under the main story, which guarantee that the audience is obstinately entertained. The main character, Ralph Fiennes, presents an incandescent authenticity to a character who can abruptly change from charming to somewhat despicable at an instance. The mythological caretaker at the Budapest, Monsieur Gustave, is a master in obsequiousness and seduction. This is especially evident in his elderly female guests who find his charisma outright tantalizing. Gustave and Zero Mustafa’s (Tony Revolori) journey to pay tribute a guest’s commemoration introduce the mysteries in the movie, including the jailbreak and a dizzying ski-and-sled pursuit from a hilltop cloister. Such antique creations highlight the specialism of Anderson’s work in terms of inventiveness. The narration spans three divergent areas in a succession of recollections. Remarkably, the film has a colour-set for all these separate scenes that characterize Anderson’s now-inimitable mark of custom-made, impenitent dedication to underhandedly ordered attractiveness. Most of the characters have an appealing personality that makes the film nerve-wracking and watchable. The step sequence of these characters is that of a specialist. It magnificently creates a courteous, pleasing travesty of Nazi-era concerns. Perceptibly, the ‘The Grand Budapest Hotel’ was inspired by Stefan Zweig, an Austrian playwright who abandoned Germany during Hitler’s term. However, this film confirms that attention to detail can be both valuable and detrimental. While the elaborate production scheme in the film such as cut-away sets portray a well turned-out film, it may lose its characterization, feeling and plot owing to the crowded

EUROPEAN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

EUROPEAN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT - Essay Example But the relationship between the trade activities and economic development is more complex than it seems because it can’t be said for sure that improved trade activities will definitely lead to economic growth of the nation, although there are numerous evidences which support the nexus between economic development and prosperity and improved business activities. An open economy supports the relationship between economic growth and improved trade activities (Europa-a, n.d.). All of the members of the Europe Union were aware of the relationship between economic growth and trade activities as they were benefited from the free trade affairs between the EU nations which not only supported their trade activities but also enhanced their economic growth. Since the initiation of the integration process, European nations have maintained their enlargement policy which significantly impacted the economic conditions of the member nations. It was also perceived that in the near future whate ver changes are introduced in the EU regulations and policies, it’s going to have a direct impact on the economic and trade performances of the current and upcoming members of the Europe Union. From the primal stages of development of European Union as Single Market, the intra industrial trade activities have remained prominent. This has supported the new members to adhere themselves to the community by making minor adjustments in their overall industrial structure (Frias & Iglesias, 2004, p.55). The integration process of European nations had started during 1940s and has developed significantly since then. However, several events have interrupted their process of integration. Such phases are popularly known as the phases of crises and scarcity of economic resources resulting from events of wars and economic turmoil. These unstable conditions lead to changes in the policies of EU which was tailored to resist the consequences. Considering these

Curleys Wife Character - of Men and Mice Essay Example for Free

Curleys Wife Character of Men and Mice Essay Of Men and Mice is not kind in its portrayal of women. In fact, women are treated with contempt throughout the course of the book. Steinbeck generally depicts women as troublemakers who bring ruin to men and drive them mad. Curley’s wife, who walks the ranch as a temptress seems to be a prime example of the destructive tendency. Despite the author’s rendering, Curley’s wife emerges as a relatively complex and interesting character. Although her purpose is rather simple in the book’s opening pages, she is the â€Å"tramp†, â€Å"tart† and â€Å"bitch† that threatens to destroy male happiness and longevity. The social setting of the novel is also important, as it could later explain characters attitudes towards other people. It is set in the U.S. in the 1930s; this is the time of the Great Depression. This was a result of the First World War. It affected the rich and poor alike, factory workers and farmers, bankers and stockbrokers. In short, it affected everyone; no one was left untouched. But of all the people hurt, farmers were the worst off. Curley’s wife is first introduced in person to us in a symbolic way; this is shown when George is talking to Lennie about the dream and when Curley’s wife first meets both men. â€Å"Both men glanced up, for a rectangle of sunshine in the doorway was cut off.† The symbolic meaning of the word sunshine is hope, freedom, happiness and dreams. This foreshadows that she may cause trouble or come in the way and could ruin it all for Lennie and George. She is also described as a â€Å"girl†, which tells us that she is very playful, childish and vulnerable. Her appearance later in the novel becomes more complex. But even before this we are forewarned about her, Candy tells George and Lennie about her, making her out at the wrong type to begin with, â€Å"Married to weeks and got the eye? Maybe that is why Curley’s pants is full of ants,† giving us the impression she was a person not to socialis e with. Also tells us that the men on the ranch know that Curley knows that is wife looks at the rest of them, hoping for one of them to try and get close to her, so he can then create a situation for a fight. As Candy relaxes he also goes on to get them to have the same opinion as him about her by saying, ‘well, you look her over, mister. You see if she ain’t a tart†, and the reply from George, ‘Purty?’ making sure that we see her as ‘jail bait†. Then when we first get to see her she is dressed as if she is going out to a party, and Steinbeck also enforces the concept that she is trouble and a tart, by describing her appearance, â€Å"she had full rouged lips†, â€Å"red mules, on the insteps of which were little bouquets of red ostrich feathers†, using the colour red as a foreshadow that she is dangerous. This is the first time also that we see that she is attractive and that she knows it, also that she wants the men to look at her, â€Å"she put her hands behind her back and leaned against the door frame so that her body was thrown forward†, forcing the men to look at her curves. This first sign of nativity shows that she doesn’t understand her affect on men, showing her age as a teenager and her understanding of her sexual attractiveness. We also get an insight to her life with her husband and why she is always coming around the rest of the men. When Candy tells George and Lennie about Curley having his glove full of â€Å"Vaseline† and that he was keeping â€Å"that hand soft for his wife†, tells us that she was also being beaten up, and that nobody could see the bruises because Curley had softened his hand, or he hit her in places where we couldn’t see the bruises. This is the first time we see her as a victim needing help. We also see that see can be cruel, and willing to misuse power. When she confronts Lennie, Candy, and Crooks in the stable, she admits to feeling a kind of shameless dissatisfaction with her life. Her vulnerability at this moment and later when she admits to Lennie her dream of becoming a movie star makes her utterly human and much more interesting than the stereotypical vixen in fancy clothes. She seeks out even greater weakness in others, preying upon Lennie’s mental handicap â€Å"they left all the weak ones here†, Candy’s debilitating age, â€Å"tell an’ be damned. Nobody’d would listen to you, and you know it† and the colour of Crook’s skin â€Å"you know what I can do to you if you open your trap?† in order to steel herself against harm. Dreams are a major reoccurring theme, when Lennie tells Curley’s wife of his and George’s dream she just says â€Å"baloney†, but she has a dream of her own and she proceeds to talk Lennie about it. She has dreamt of being a movie star, which nearly came true when she encountered an actor. ‘He says I could go with that show†, but like most young girl s was forbade from her mother, ‘my ol’ lady wouldn’ let me†. So having her dream pulled out from underneath her she rebelled, and married Curley. However she always wanted to achieve something of herself and loved attention. â€Å"Curley’s wife lay with a half-covering of yellow hay. And the meanness and the planning and the discontent and the ache for attention were all gone from her face. She was very pretty and simple, and her face was sweet and young. Now her rouged cheeks and her reddened lips made her seem alive and sleeping very lightly. The curls, tiny little sausages, were spread on the hay behind her head, and her lips were parted†, this is the first time we are shown her true self – she was a young, innocent, lonely young girl. When you take away all the walls she had erected you come back to a young girl wanting to be loved, who saw Lennie as a way out from Curley’s abusive relationship. As Lennie could hurt Curley, but not realising the danger she was ultimately putting herself into. So in conclusion Curley’s wife is the most depressed and lonely characters in the novel. She has no friends, no future, no respect; she doesn’t even deserve a name. All she wants is someone to talk to but in her mind the only way she can do this is by flaunting herself to the men to get noticed. This leads her to be perceived as a â€Å"tart† by the men. She represents absolute loneliness and desperation to achieve something better in life. Even though she is very lonely, she comes across as a very beautiful woman. She flaunts herself by dressing and acting in a â€Å"tart† like manner, but really she is just making use of her body to gain the attention of the workers to soothe her. If anyone would give her a break, treat her like a person, she would idolise them. Her craving for contact is immense but she, with her background is incapable of conceiving any contact without some sexual context, she is not particularly oversexed, but has been forced to recognise that her sexuality is the only weapon she has, and the only thing that gets her noticed. Consequently she is a little starved. She knows nothing about sex, except the mass information girls tell each other. All through the novel the men make out that Curley’s wife is trouble. But yet there was never any proof that Curley’s wife has ever caused any of the trouble or conflicts. The only trouble she caused was when she died.

Sustaining the natural resources with Smart grid Essay Example for Free

Sustaining the natural resources with Smart grid Essay It is easy to take electricity for granted but modern life would not be possible without it. To keep it going we need more efficient ways to manage electricity. For over a hundred years, coal and other fossil fuels have been used by power plants to produce the electricity we use every day. The grid is a network of power lines and sub stations that carry electricity from power plants to homes and businesses. Today, the grid has problems, it needs updating and is running at capacity. When power lines break or power plants cannot produce enough power, blackouts can occur and that’s a problem that can cause fatalities. Also, today’s grid often relies on a single power plant as its source and does not provide detailed information on usage making electricity difficult to manage. To address these problems in the past, we simply built new power plants but now we can work towards sustainability and reduce our dependence on fossil fuels by using a smarter grid. The question is how and the answer to that question is Smart Grid. The smart grid means adding sensors and software to the existing grid that will give utilities and individual’s new information that will help them understand and react to changes quickly. For example if we consider an accident where a tree falls on a power line and one thousand homes loose power, with the current grid utility officers often physically reroute the power which takes time but with the smart grid sensors and software will detect and immediately route the power around the problem, limiting the issue to fewer homes. The price of electricity changes throughout the day but we cannot really see it with the current meters in our homes, it may be expensive during peak hours and cheap late at night. With the new smart meter at our homes, we could set the dishwasher to run when power is cheap, this provides more control over the energy bill and helps prevent black outs at peak hours. The smart grid also means new ways to use renewable sources of energy. Power generation can now be distributed across multiple sources, so the system is more stable and efficient. Its visibility to communicate and manage electricity is what makes the grid smarter and helps us avoid burning more fossil fuel in the future. The smart grid is still a few years away but soon we will be able to manage our energy bill, healthy environment and healthy economy by making more informed decisions about how we use electricity. There is an estimated thirteen trillion dollars investment required in energy infrastructure over the next twenty years. This poses a need and an opportunity to shift towards a low carbon, efficient and clean energy system, and Smart grid will be a key enabler of this transition. The three major factors which have enabled a smart grid are Information, telecommunication and power technologies; integrating these three together have made a smart grid possible. Market analysis Electricity consumption is expected to increase continuously in the worldwide as in Figure 1, as the same The U. S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) is expecting total demand for electricity in commercial to grow 42 percent by 2035. Many countries developed new technology and try to use other energy instead electricity in order to save energy and reduce cost. Smart grid is an innovative technology to control and deliver electricity to customer by using digital technology that it can reduce cost electric distribution and transmission. As the end of March 2012, U. S. Department of energy has provided the smart metering close to 3 billon dollar, 1 billion dollar for electricity system, and around 0. 5 million dollar each for customer system and electric transmission. Moreover, program had been installed more than 8 percent of all electricity meter and 10. 8 million for smart meter in the United State. For example, Florida save more than 500,000 dollar annually because they enable advance metering (AMI) which make the efficient repair, servicing and billing in the Florida. Figure 1: Residential Sector Electricity Consumption per capita by country group 2002 and 2025. (Taken from Arno, A. (n. d). Residential Sector Electricity Consumption per Capita by Country Group) By end of this decade, a British consultancy also predicts that in European Union countries will be installed smart meter between 133 and 145 million of smart meter, the market will be the biggest in countries. In additions, many inventive companies are interesting to create and produce various applications that can be use on the smart grid which affects trend market. With the reduction in distribution and transmission loss benefits from smart grid, the both benefits improved in energy efficiency that is the major to drive of this market and attracts the governments of many countries define important roles into it and pass on mandates and regulation for the same. Unfortunately, the price of smart grid network is quite high that it is an obstacle in the smart grid market. Lack of interoperability of standards is huge amounts of investment happening in this market, and vast service providers who provide the service across the globe in different standards has affected the growth of any industry. Figure: 2 Smart grid technology markets in 2011-2016 (Taken from Marketandmarket. (2012). Smart Grid Technology Market Analysis Global Forecast By Hardware, Software Communication Network Technologies (2011 – 2016). As in Figure2, the global smart grid market is expected to gain until 80. 6 billion dollar in 2016 compare in 2011 which was 22. billion dollar at a CAGR of 28. 7% from 2011 to 2016. The Future trend on smart grid technology is to improve technology base on the existing technology to be more efficient of electricity and to increase the investment of governments as well as utilities. For the long run the smart grid should develop much more than Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) and Phaser Measurement Units (PMU) which combine to Smart Grid, Integration of power system to make more efficient, more renewable friendly-grid, and so on, the smart grid may be long run in the market. Staffing Profile Everybody in organization who involve with power system for example engineers, project engineers, consultants and managers have to understand smart grid and they have to train by smart grid training. The major target of training program is can make staff deal with the unexpected situation such as power failures and reduce the bad impact that might be happened in process. In course training they provide foundation of mathematic and simulations. Government in U. S. pays attention to smart grid. Recently, country around the world for example US, China, India, the United Kingdom and the European Union have introduced policies of smart grid in their country. They hope that it helps to increase level of interest smart grid and in the future, smart grid will pay an important role in the world more than today. Nowadays, the U. S. has invested in smart grid technology $7. 8 billion, China $7. 3 billion and predict in the future will spend $96 billion by 2020 because energy was expected to increase in the future. A smart grid including with a variety of control features, automations, communications and sensors. The staff have to understand the process of smart grid for protect the problem that can happened while work. Staffing profile is important for staffs who work in smart grid process. From the statistic, the business losses in the U. S. $100 billion are from electrical failures because short power disrupt. To understand the self healing grid can help to reduce the problem from blackout and sustain services and improve quality for customers. The evolutions of smart grid will gradual increase. The smart grid was initiative by use $74 million and $37 million from U. S. Department of Energy support. In the Rensselaer, N. Y. project they use $35. 5 million for initial smart grid NYIO’s new central control. Installation of capacitor thought N. Y. has involved in the project. NYISO expects that it can help to reduce power loss and save the state $9 million a year. In the project NYISO’s will connect with other network in other country like New England, the mid-Atlantic, the Midwest, and Ontario, Canada to produce broader circumstances attentiveness. From this project they expect that it will reduce electricity bills of customer to $2. 8 billion in next 20 years. The course of smart grid system technology is involved with the knowledge of smart grid. The staff has to take course and they can receive smart grid certification. In the course provides the knowledge that has an advantage to staff like introduction of smart grid in to advance knowledge for help staff can deal with the unforeseen problem. Staff will know an advantage of employ a smart grid, every element of a smart grid and the future. The course also provides staffs to know the current boundaries and restraints of power grid. In the advance course training of smart grid, staff can success of smart grid operation and infrastructure be hide the smart grid and know the systems. There will be center on information technology, hardware and software tool. Staff can understand and can improve the efficiency of the smart grid for their organization. In this course of the training is $1,595 per course which is 4 days.

Consultation Skills In Relation To Nurse Prescribing

Consultation Skills In Relation To Nurse Prescribing Nurse prescribing was translated into reality in the latter part of the 1990s when a cohort of about 1,200 nurses received specialist training in order to allow them to feel confident and competent in the prescription of certain drugs and medications. In the best traditions of scientific endeavour, they were subject to a barrage of audits and studies to see how they actually performed. As in any new project there were inevitable protagonists and detractors and the initial results of the first eight studies were extremely positive. (Legge 1997) the accumulative results of the initial studies showed that nurse prescribing had been proved in terms of safety, efficacy and improved working practices. The reports did not make any comment upon the cost-effectiveness of the prescribing as the cohort studied was too small for statistical analysis. The head of the evaluation team (Prof. Luker 1997) commented that at best, nurse prescribing should be cost neutral why should it be any cheaper? By 2000, the first comparative studies were emerging with sufficient cohort size to give a meaningful evaluation of the scope and efficiency of nurse prescribing. Venning (et al 2000) compared efficiency and cost of a cohort of nurse prescribers with doctors in the same geographical area. The study cohort was over 1,300 patients. This particular study was extensive in its analysis and many of the results are not particularly relevant to the subject of this essay, but the significant outcomes showed that there was no significant difference in health outcome, prescribing patterns or prescribing cost. Nurse prescribing was therefore proving itself to be both an effective and efficient resource for the NHS. (Little et al 1997) Consultation and communication skills Empowerment and education of patients is now well recognised as an important goal but most healthcare professionals. (Richards 1999) it follows that if patients are to be involved then their particular priorities must be ascertained and addressed, usually in the mechanism of the consultation. A frequent finding in many of the studies on the subject is the fact that patients tend to prefer prescribers (nurses or doctors) who listen and also allow them to discuss their problems in an unhurried fashion. (Editor BMJ 2000) This essay is particularly directed to the issue of consultation skills in relation to nurse prescribing. Although we have briefly examined the overall issues of nurse prescribing, the consultation is obviously the core skill required to establish the diagnosis and therefore the appropriate treatment and prescription. Many studies have looked at the influence of communication skills on prescribing and other factors related to the consultation. (Richards 1999) Many authorities (Butler et al 1998) advise that the prime skills associated with the prescribing process are: Adequate exploration of the patients worries Adequate provision of information to the patient regarding the natural processes of the disease being treated The advisability of self-medication in trivial illness The various alarm symptoms that should be notified to indicate that there may be problems with the treatment. (Welschen et al 2004) These various aspects are explored further in a particularly well written and informative book by Platt and Gordon (1999) it reflects on the fact that doctors and nurses are not generally particularly well trained in the art of communication skills. In the words of the author we re not very good at transmitting information, and were no better at picking up the signals that patients try to send. Critically, they make the point that individual prescribers are not particularly good at varying their approach to the different type of patient. Clearly, the better the level of perceived empathy between prescriber and patient, the greater the level of compliance is likely to be. This is likely to be reflected in greater patient satisfaction, greater compliance with instructions generally and improved outcomes and again, in the words of the authors fewer lawsuits This particular book highlights and gives practical advice on all of the common pitfalls of prescriber patient communication. The way that prescribers will often duck issues where they feel uncomfortable or feel that their knowledge is not particularly sound, or perhaps fail to respond to the distress signals sent out (either verbally or non-verbally) by the patient. They also highlight the dangers of closing the conversation early due to pressure of time and not adequately exploring ambiguous answers. The hostile and the heart-sink patient can be a particular headache to the prescriber and inappropriate decision can be made unless great care is taken to specifically tackle these issues. (RPSGB 1997) Some commentators in the field of nurse prescribing have refered to the fact that the skills of communication, when they have been taught, have concentrated mainly on the fields of history taking and diagnosis. The issue of communication in relation to prescribing has received much less prominence. (Elwyn et al.2000) The paper by Cox (et al.2000) found that it was common practice for prescribers to initiate the discussions about just what medication there were going to prescribe, rarely refer to the medicine by name and equally rarely refer to how a newly prescribed medication is perceived to differ in either action or purpose, to those previously prescribed. Patient understanding is rarely checked as it is usually assumed after the prescriber has given the prescription. Even when invited to do so, patients seldom take the opportunity to ask questions. (Cox et al 2000) The same author found that prescribers would emphasise the positive benefits of the medication far more frequently than they would discuss the risks and precautions, despite the fact that the patients perception was that such a discussion is seen as essential. In summary, this leaves a situation which is open to misinterpretation, uncertainty as a result of unadressed worries and for patients to be ambivalent towards the medication that they have been prescribed. (Drew et al. 2001). It clearly is not a situation which one could have confidence that the patient has a sound knowledge base about his treatment and has a positive attitude towards compliance. The point relating to communication failure resulting in poor treatment outcome (primarily in relation to non-adherence to treatment instructions) was explored in depth in an excellent paper by Britten (et al 2000). The various consultation skills were critically analysed and broken down into 14 different categories of misunderstanding. In short, all of the failures of communication were associated with a lack of the patients participation in the consultation process. Significantly, all of these 14 categories were associated with potential or even actual less than optimal Outcomes as they resulted in either inappropriate prescribing or inadequate treatment adherence. It was very significant that the authors concluded that many of the errors were associated with assumptions or guesses on the part of the healthcare professional, and in particular a lack of awareness of the relevance of patients ideas and beliefs which influenced their compliance with the prescribed treatment. (Elder et al 2004) There is evidence that failure to actively engage in, or even consider, the patient s perspective is a common failing amongst prescribers. (Britten et al 2000). Many take the view that simply arriving at and stating a diagnosis is sufficient credibility for the provision of a prescription. Even when drug therapy is considered essential (such as insulin and thyroxin) many patients will experiment with dosages and drug-free periods. (Barry et al. 2000). It follows that such experimentation is likely to be all the greater when medication is used when the benefits are less immediate (eg. In prophylaxis).If the prescriber is aware of these factors, it will undoubtedly help to achieve compliance if they are overtly addressed during the consultation process. Concordance vs. compliance Elwyn (et al 2003) took a slightly different approach with regard to the consultation process and prescribing. They advocate the process of concordance which is described as the process whereby there is a negotiation between the patient and the prescriber which involves a discussion about the perceived benefits and drawbacks of the proposed medication, together with an exchange of beliefs and expectations. This terminology reflects not only a change in emphasis but also a change in attitude of the prescriber. This area used to be termed compliance which was a reflection of the now outmoded concept of implicit power and authority invested in the prescriber. The term was seen as being authority laden (Marinker 1997) where it was expected that patients complied implicitly and without question when a prescription was given. There was little acceptance that patients would actively participate in the decision making process that surrounded the generation of the prescription. (Cox et al. 2002) At this point in time, there is little published evidence that this process actually leads to improved clinical outcome measures, but consideration of ethical principles would allow us to conclude that the involvement of patients will inevitably result in safer and better patient care. (Elwyn et al. 1999) If we examine this argument further, any healthcare professional will appreciate that a great deal of modern medical treatment involves prescribing in one form or another. We also know that a substantial proportion of the medication that is currently prescribed is not taken or, worse still, inappropriately utilised. (Haynes et al 2003). Careful research shows that where this occurs it is primarily due to a conflict between the prescribers views and those of the patient. (Britten et al 2003). Further studies have shown that where prophylactic (or preventative) prescribing has occurred the situation is statistically worse. One can presume that this is mainly because, in these conditions the patient tends to be asymptomatic and therefore the perceived need to take medication may well be less. Again, this reflects a failure of communication between patient and prescriber. (Coulter 2002) As a result of this, the prescriber, in general terms, has to be aware of the possibility of what is know, in academic circles, as intentional dissent. The patient may choose to actively disagree with the prescribers instructions because they may either have become party to other information about the medication, or because they may have experienced some side effect and, being not fully appraised of the reasons for taking prophylaxis, may simply choose to discontinue it. (Barry et al. 2000) Conclusions The last decade has seen important strides forward in the field of nurse prescribing. The success of this venture would strongly argue that it will progress further still in the future. Hand in hand with this success goes the realisation that nurse prescribing carries with it a responsibility to fully understand the issues that relate the act of prescribing to the eventual treatment outcome, together with the factors that tend to confound such linkage. The progressive acceptance of the paradigm of concordance (by all prescribers not just nurse prescribers) offers all healthcare professionals a mechanism to move towards ever safer and more successful prescribing. Accurate identification of the patients perspectives, needs and beliefs and then the addressing of any significant differences between these and the prescribers requirements, are seen to be progressively more important in the successful delivery of nurse prescribed health care. The advent of nurse prescribing brings added responsibility to the more traditional role of the nurse. It is important not to neglect the importance of the role of reflective practice in this area (Gibbs 1998). It is not just the act of writing out the prescription that is important, but it is the understanding of the processes and dynamics of the interactions that are taking place between prescriber and patient that are the fundamental key to good prescribing practice (Kuhse et al 2001).

Han and Roman Empires Essay -- History, Huan Tan

From the 2nd century BCE through the 1st century CE, both the Han and Roman empires were dealing with the production of advancement in technology. Since the empires were from separate time periods each empire had different attributes when it came to creating technology and what they built with their technology. In the Han Empire, technology had been a luxury part of their empire because it was essential to their wealth and productivity. In the Roman Empire, their thought on technology had been it is a necessity to build their empire and to conquer land wherever they saw weakness. Technologies in both empires were not only used as tools to fight in war and to build but in the Roman Empire they were used to collect mineral wealth in silver mines. As for the Han Empire they had used their technology for tilling soil to collect salt. In the Roman Empire, people had believed that technology was necessary to gain further control and they also thought it was informative for them, while in t he Han Empire it had been a way to show off their civilization. A Han government official felt that technology is such an important part of their empire for its new creations, that it should be maintained by other government officials and engineers. During 20 CE in (Doc 1) the Han government official had said â€Å"there should be one high official and one on duty with just enough workers to meet the need†. This clearly shows that as a government official he felt that in the best interest for technology and the people the government should have some control. As well as putting experienced workers to do the task of maintaining their technology and city as an over all to keep a presentable empire. So other empires will start to borrow and use there means o... ...ked at the use of there technology in different ways. Such as the Roman Empire used their technology to their advantage, by conquering different people to gain more control. As for the Han Empire had used their technology for improvements within there empire and they let other regions use there ideas which showed off there empire. But in some cases both empires had used technology to improve economic growth for trading, like roads or the water power blowing engine. Both of the empires have had different emperors that have ruled. During each empire they both were able to gain control and pass on tools to other regions. The Roman’s thought more of the tools as weapons and building supplies. As for the Han believed the tools to be a creation that had been invented by a person with a sharp mind, and the tools were a luxury for the empire because it made work easier.

Theatre and Popular Opinion In Eighteenth-Century Paris :: Arts Theatre France History Historical Essays

The eighteenth century is widely reputed to have been the Age of Theatre in France. A unique form of entertainment and mass communication, theatrical productions brought together representatives from all degrees of social and economic status in one building to share a common experience. Despite an attitude that emphasized the glorification of French culture, the government viewed the theatre primarily as a form of entertainment and sought to prevent any deviation from this main emphasis. Although plays were monitored through censorship of scripts, the agents of authority made little attempt to shape popular views on specific political issues through drama. In contrast, practitioners of bourgeois drama aimed at converting the theatre into a schoolhouse for moral values and virtue in social interaction. Parisian audiences, especially those standing in the open parterre area in front of the stage, often used the theatre as a forum for voicing their own opinions on political issues. Far from being mindlessly molded by any agenda of the French playwrights or royal patrons, the spectators claimed for themselves the capacity to pass judgment on the plays presented on the stage. The Crown's formal regulation, the playwrights' didactic intention, and the spectators' vocal reactions created an interaction of control, manipulation, and political articulation in eighteenth-century Parisian theatre. From the popularity of amateur productions among the moneyed and elite to the general trend of rising ticket sales at public theatres, drama played an important role in the social life of eighteenth-century France. According to registers of attendance at the Comà ©die-Franà §aise from the 1750 to 1774, that playhouse averaged approximately 168,000 spectators each year. Since the theatre offered an opportunity to impress people of every rank, the French government could not neglect this aspect of life. The Crown assumed that the productions called for regulation, that troupes required consistent personnel, and that theatre crowds needed supervision. In 1680, Louis XIV granted monopolies on stage production to the Acadà ©mie Royale de Musique for opera, and to the Comà ©die-Franà §aise and the Comà ©die-Italienne for French and Italian language drama, respectively. The avowed purpose for establishing these theatres was "to perfect the representation of the lyric and dramatic arts for the greater glory of the French state." This objective promoted plays that extolled the monarchy and perpetuated the powerful system of privilege. In 1706, the king charged the Paris police with maintaining control and order in these playhouses. The Crown supported the three royal theatres financially and governed their management until the end of the ancien rà ©gime.

Story Sharing and Female Adolescent Faith Development :: Essays Papers

Story Sharing and Female Adolescent Faith Development Adolescence: Women in Crisis According to developmental psychologist Erik Erikson, the defining psychological crisis of adolescence is identity formation versus identity confusion (Erikson 1982). This involves defining what is most important to the individual in terms of ethics, long-term goals, and especially personal and interpersonal commitments. Erikson proposes three elements necessary for this formation: an experience of â€Å"inner sameness† or consistency between values and self-determined actions, a historical continuity of such decisions, and a community of important others who serve to validate that integrated self (1968). Ideally, self-confidence is evident for both genders during this period. However, the contrast between male and female commitments indicates that many females are not successful in forming a strong identity at this phase. To examine the varying commitments adolescents make during the identity formation crisis period, a team of adolescent psychologists interviewed hundreds of middle and high school aged people of both sexes. Each participant was asked to record a few things that were most important in their lives (i.e. family, career goals, life philosophy), then the interviewers asked them to say more about these themes. While the men mentioned subjects most pertinent to their own interests (school, political issues, and their futures), women focused mainly on interpersonal relationships. This alone may or may not indicate a gap in identity development, but the study indicated that women did not exclude talk of themselves and their lives, but rather spoke negatively about both: â€Å"Many older female subjects mentioned problems and ambivalence with regard to themselves (being uncertain and so on) and difficulties in committing themselves to the different aspects of their own personalities†(B osma 100). Why are they not committed to themselves? Perhaps they cannot not commit because they do not know to what they are committing. Neither are they committed to certain life philosophies that might inform their characters. In fact, religion was ranked one of the weakest commitments for older adolescent women. Do they honestly not care, or do they not know what to care about without the immediate feedback of others? In this light, the volatile nature of a woman’s attention to her own character may not be moodiness, then, but a deeper sense of despair at choosing to commit to something that might elicit a damaging critique from others. It is much safer to focus on something highly valued in the social world, like one’s friends, than something that could be construed as selfish, like schoolwork or faith.

Upward Bound

UPWARD BOUND I would like to work with upward bound this summer because I feel like it will be a great chance for me to meet new people and to start new relationships. I read one of the essay of a student that work with upward bound and he says that working with upward bound was one of the best things he ever did, his essay tell how he was anti-social and had little friends and how he didn’t like to talk to anyone well that kind of sound like me and I believe upward bound would help me just as much as I help.I would like to work with upward bound this summer because if I go home it will be hard for me I would have to find a job which I’m doing now and I would have to find some where to stay. And when I go home for some reason I find myself in trouble a lot. But the good thing about Jarvis I now know how to talk to people I know how to interact with people so working with the kids that’s coming in shouldn’t be hard for me. I believe I’m a likable per son I don’t like being in mess or with it, I play football and basketball so I know how to have fun and I’ll always have something to do.And this will also be a good chance for me to work and save up money for the 2013-2014 school years. I don’t mind the work I can do whatever asked of me. I never worked with the upward bound program but I would like to so I can have some experience with working this would be my first job at Jarvis Christian College and I will give all that I got to make sure that I do my best and to see it that all the workers do their best as well.I know how to listen and do what I have been told to do I don’t mind doing the job and know how to take orders from the leaders. In high school I was in JROTC so I know how lead and follow I can talk to the kids because I know how I want to be talked to but I also know how to get the point across without coming off rude. If I get the job I will do everything in my power not to let no one down I will work hard and the job that’s giving to me.With hopes of getting this job I’m giving my word that I do my best at the position I’m put at. Wanting to work knowing that this job can help me in more then one way I had to at least try to get it although I might not meet all the standers of getting the job I would really love working with the kids and I would really love working for the upward bound program.

Deontological ethics Essay

In life star must consume with incorrupt and honorable dilemmas. righteous philosophy is define as the discipline chartering with what is neat and bad and with moral obligation (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2013). It studies mankind moral behavior and how one should act. Ethics helps to explain how a person should belief about a particular situation. in that respect be several groups of studies of value-systems that deem and recommend concepts of right and wrong. The focus of this account leave behind be to describe three of the groups of at bottom ethics, which are virtue possibleness, utilitarianism, and, deontological ethics.Afterward, it will show how virtue theory vie a major part in a individualised ethical dilemma. virtue ethics is a classification within Normative Ethics that attempts to discover and straighten out what might be deemed of moral temperament, and to gift the moral character as a base for ones choices and march at laws (Gowdy, 2009, meritoriousness Ethics, para. 1). The general perspective of virtue ethics is that one should choose their own personal excellence and contentment. If the persons character is good, one should non be judged princip whollyy by rules and customs.Virtue theory looks at someones habits of excellence for farsighted term and forgives for minor mistakes. The Utilitarianism theory elbow room The greatest good for the greatest follow (Boylan, 2009, p. 153). Utilitarianism is an ethical principle according to which an action is right if it tends to maximize happiness, not and the agent also of e veryone affected (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2013). They focus on the acts of a person kind of than ones motives. The moral action in this theory must be the greatest entirety utility or the average utility.Bentham and mill about supported the theory of utilitarianism and created the sport principle. They believed that pleasure principle is a clearly identifiable end to what humans strive. Deontological is a moral theory that emphasizes ones indebtedness to do a particular action just because the action, itself, is inherently right and not through any other sorts of calculations much(prenominal) as consequences to the action (Boylan, 2009, p. 171). Deontology advocates the nature of principle. deterrent example principles are warranted through an understanding of the structure, mind and will.The foundation of commands in deontology involves laws and natural moral duties. Kant was a knockout proponent of deontology and believed that stack must act from duty. He argued that it is not the effects of actions that make them right or wrong but the motives of the person. My moral dilemma relates to the virtue theory because of my familys strong religious values and beliefs. My family nurtured me in a strict Catholic household and with uplifted family religious morals. I performed all the Catholic rituals starting from when I was very young, such(prenominal) as first communion and all the way to confirmation.We went to church every sunlight and my family and I still continue the resembling rituals. I encountered my moral dilemma when I became big(predicate) before I was marry. My family was very disappointed when they discovered I was pregnant and wanted us to scram married right away. In the Catholic righteousness it is considered a major sin to swallow a baby out of wedlock. My beau and I believed we were not prepared to get married at the time. Marriage is a strong sacrament in our righteousness as well. We did not want to bucket along into getting married just because of my familys religious values.We married in Catholic Church two years afterwards our son was born. Even though I lived my life as a in force(p) Catholic, I could not conform rigorously to their rules. I had to decide what was surpass for my coercive moral value and character. In death it is good to question ethics because one must decide from right and wrong. We stick learned through virtue, utilitarianism, and deontological theories that there are different ways to rationalize a dilemma. The responsibility of an individual is to decide how to deal with each ethical situation to the best of our own abilities.It is from actual life experiences and ethical values that make us who we are. References Boylan, M. (2009). primary Ethics (2nd ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall. Ethics. (2013). In Merriam-Websters Online Dictionary. Retrieved from http//www. merriam- webster. com/mental lexicon/ethic Gowdy, L. N. (2009). Ethic Morals. Retrieved from http//www. ethicsmorals. com/ethicsvirtue. html Utilitarianism. (2013). In Merriam-Websters Online Dictionary. Retrieved from http//www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/utilitarianism.

Character of Lady Macbeth Essay

Macbeth cant take effective action or, to put it differently, hes powerless.She is being kept worn out of new plans in which Macbeth is making decisions alone. Firstly, Lady Macbeth appears in Act 1 Scene 5. She is in her and Macbeth’s castle. She receives a letter from Macbeth logical and reads it.Macbeth isnt the only character who wants encouragement.â€Å"Glamis thou art, and Cawdor, and shalt be what thou promised† (Act 1 Scene 5, Lady Macbeth) We can see that Lady lady Macbeth is scared as she says that Macbeth is too kind and loyal to murder to become King. â€Å"Is too full o’ the milk of human kindness to catch the nearest way.† (Act 1 whole Scene 5, Lady Macbeth) Also, she talks about Macbeths strong sense of honour and how he’s logical not the type of man to lie or cheat. â€Å"Thou wouldst thou holily ; wouldst not play false.

young Lady Macbeth reveals the anxiety of being captured within her fantasies.â€Å"Hie thee hither that I may pour my high spirits in thine ear, and chastise with the valour of my tongue† (Act1 Scene5 Lady Macbeth). A obedient servant then comes to tell her that Macbeth and the other lords are on how their way, and Duncan will be spending the night in their castle. young Lady Macbeth, straight away, sees this as an opportunity to murder Duncan. She starts to call dark spirits upon her to take away what her womanly kindness.For Macbeth, it becomes excessively simpler.â€Å"O, never shall sun that morrow see.† (Act 1 Scene 5, Lady lady Macbeth – Macbeth). She then tells Macbeth her plan to kill Duncan. part She tells Macbeth she will do all the planning.

Lady Macbeth manipulates her very nature to meet her function in the murders.All the lords, Macbeth, Duncan, his two sons, Malcolm and Donalbain, Banquo, Lennox, Macduff, Ross and Angus are all at Macbeth’s castle. Lady Macbeth arrives and greets Duncan. â€Å" All our service in every important point twice done and then done double, were poor and single business to contend.† (Act1 Scene6, young Lady Macbeth – Duncan).Lady Macbeth is extremely direct and intelligent.In this scene , lady Macbeth is seen as the perfect hostess. We vacant see how well she can play casual and switch between high emotion logical and cool composure. In Act 1 Scene 7, we see her talking with Macbeth, in the castle. At the start, we see Macbeth’s soliloquy about his indecision of the murder.

At the fresh start of the play, Lady Macbeth appeared to be a put girl.† (Act 1 Scene 7, Macbeth – young Lady Macbeth).Lady Macbeth seems to be very unimpressed with what Macbeth has said. She then tricks exalted him into continuing on with the murder as she questions his bravery. â€Å" With thou esteems’t the ornament of life, and live a coward in thine own esteem.Macbeth is a fairly dense read with lots of information and assorted characters.Lady Macbeth busy waits in a chamber near Duncan’s bedroom. Macbeth goes off to murder Duncan. young Lady Macbeth had got the chamberlains drunk so they wouldn’t see any of the murder. Lady Macbeth says deeds that the chamberlains make a joke of their jobs by falling asleep.

Dunnetts Macbeth is much more practical.â€Å"My heavenly father as he slept, I have done’t- My husband!† (Act 2 Scene 2, Lady Macbeth) lady Macbeth had brought the daggers back with him, the one he killed Duncan, Lady Macbeth new sees them and panics. â€Å" Why did you bring these daggers from the place?† (Act 2 Scene 2 , Lady Macbeth – Macbeth). Lady Macbeth has to bring them back to bring how them back to the chamber. When she comes back she tells Macbeth deeds that they need to hurry to their bedroom so they don’t get caught.It delivers no simple answers.â€Å" What’s the business, that such a hideous trumper.† (Act 1 Scene 3, Lady Macbeth – Macduff). Macduff doesn’t want to scarce tell Lady Macbeth what happened , as he thinks she won’t cope. â€Å"O , gentle lady, tis forget not for you to hear what I can speak† (Act â€Å" Scene 3, Macduff – Lady Macbeth).

The such thing about the Macbeth games is they also arrive with the majority of schools curricula, meaning students will learn so as to talk about the drama in the school.Lady Macbeth is in the palace and is talking with a servant. She asks the servant if Banquo has left the castle. He tells her that valiant Banquo will be back in the evening.She then tells the servant to ask Macbeth to annual meet with her as she wants to talk.Love is the crux of the issue in an pre Shakespearean humor.After graduating, his friend died in an auto collision.

The woman looks enjoy the marble statue.The first main clause in each quotations structure is much like the next clause in every quotation.A number of the cultural references are a least bit dated for modern readers.The book is translated into 42 languages around the world, and it states it is a novel on every second one of the covers.

Alternative Means of Transportation

Guilherme Cesa donnish penning Sara Rayfield 04/18/2012 resourcely of Horns, function Today, to the highest degree of the necessitoushand cities modify interests in astir(p) and promote the hole-and-corner(a) representation of point so unityr of globe. impulsive a elevator gondola elevator rail railroad car t oilet be in truth homey and winsome, l unitysome(prenominal) when it grammatical cases skilful riddles. Beca design of this, we in all essential urge our school principal astir(predicate) the slip vogue we sack operationaday and regard incompatible offices for locomotion. Mobility is a truly raise amour the smell of liberty that it invests lowlife be actually rewarding.An app atomic number 18nt passment of that is the counsel troupe raise to punish community we delegate them in a prison and do non allow them to s special K for age, months or geezerhood. It is lucid and inherent that e real embody call for to r un for round daily, whether it is to go to work or go to the supermarket. The or so customary personal manner of own(prenominal) raptus in current indian lodge is the car. A car represents oft beats oft than dear a right smart of charmation. The vagary of having a car these days transcends the rudimentary nous of mobility an railroad car represents shape and wealth firearm development alternative ship pratal for mail much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as bus, train, or oscillation argon depreciated by club as universe worse.Looking at how beau monde chooses to track down within its grime discharge utter a spate of things ab pop what typeface of guild it is. unsound priority to cars agent non prioritizing the great approximate it is a inconsiderate mode of thinking. to a greater extent cars organism set gist to a greater extent(prenominal) roads and bulge take upors, few earthly concern spaces and set bent beas, t o a greater extent(prenominal) relations jams, and defilement. On the enters that were divinatory to gain sidebase on ballss, we right a musical mode take to a commodious avenue, the park sour into a parking gang. Gradually, the cities argon bonny a drift adjust for the cars alternatively of the d salutaryers.As some of the line of works that vehicles whitethorn ca character, the close to discussed now is the world(prenominal) warming. The agate line taint do by cars and fogey burn dependents gain the wet level of the disperse, which ca hires the third estateho expenditure do. The defilement forms a spirit level virtually the automated teller that haves the waken be reradiated from the turn up to the aureole, cause the orbicular warming. However, confide serene exists for artificial satellite world by the boundary of work and addiction on fossil fuels.Besides the chief(prenominal) problem that cars cause for the environment, cars nowad ays be much speck slight(prenominal) than before, the problem is that we pretend a serve up much cars organismness compulsive on the streets and polluting the earth. In addition, cars pack a titanic essence of huffy real(a) to be do and they give a modality a cluster of waste. spell torment the automobile, it is non scarcely polluting mess up that is being produced, it all overly affects the anchor and pee when the tires fatigue emerge and fluids, such(prenominal) as barrage oil and throttle, plash from the car.Alternative forms of rapture such as base on balls and pedal for brieflysighted distances, and train, subway, trolley, featherbrained rail, bus, and car pooling for night eagle-eyed distances may be a neat result to shape a atomic reactor of problems. It exit not only religious service cardinalself in the sum of pollution in the atmosphere only when overly would stimulate benefits in opposite aspects of our survives we would barely funds, it would snub otherwise types of pollution such as water, filth and noise, it would give us a damp superior of life, we would set down less time in stressful dealings and the cities would suffer a much amiable plant to live in.Of run-in it is rattling tricky to exchange the great unwashed not to use their cars since we overhear an inexistent humans transfer of training platform no buses, no trains, no rhythm lanes, and problematic sidewalks. formerly the government borrow alter the methods of merchant marine as well as promoting them, plenty testament demoralise to correspond the advantages of ever-ever-changing one to some other. Studies from the friendship EMBARQ learn shown that cities brush aside slash up to 30% of the vehicular handicraft over the neighboring 3 to 5 years if founder the universe rapture.A nifty simulation that this cash advance discount cause big effects in cities is the Los Angeles subway brass hu man beingsity their urban impartation system administration are fashioning an innovating exhort for the metropolis. In baffle to nullify the traffic, flashy the air and keep back their lives less stressful, Los Angeles go through political science catch onerous to coax nation close to the benefits of victimization public merchant vessels. The way they erect to do so was amend as much as thinkable the answer fibre offered for tube-shaped structure and buses lines, fashioning them dry-cleaned and much comfortable.Then they worked to remediate the pic of it and fare nation out of their cars. They do buses appear more enthralling with one-sided key fruits and redesigned the thermionic vacuum tube move with paint humanistic discipline and music. At least, they started working(a) on a marketing defend to convince pile to use their run and encouraging Angelinos to earmark the car need. some other vista of public mobility that could deputise the u se of cars is make pass and walking. cave in sidewalks and cycles/second lines as well as providing publish bikes rentals as umteen cities in atomic number 63 do would attract more mass to use these content of transportation.Walking and cycle thunder mug be a in truth pleasant way to move from one place to some other in short distances and the gains that it causes are numerous. It gives battalion a slower-pace routine, and utilize legs to ride a bike or walk is a very neat figure out that improves a lot the body and moral health, it is free and discharge help to bear on a lot of money in gasoline and transport fares. It is overly a pro-environment way of transportation that does not pollute, it helps to make a more mesmeric and green urban center where passel can interact with others and with the city environment around them.As a conclusion, changing one way of transportation to another is an fulfil that takes long to excrete and it takes a lot of elbow grease both(prenominal) from authorities and citizens. However, if it be done, it allow for put down decreed results for the full-length society. The cities would experience a better place to live, with streets live by volume and not by cars. civilize Cited Network, EMBARQ. LA subway Promoting push-down stack reassign Vimeo. 04 January 2010. Web. 19 April 2012. Pawley, Martin. The state of war Against cable car fall in Democracy. globalisation Transport. 8 whitethorn 2012. Web. 19 April 2012.

Music Appre.

The pull cover partition debut roughly every glossiness in business relationship has arrive describe cats-paws as art object of their melodyal comedy carriage and heritage. However, no matter of their origin, cosmic gear factors character single parkland feature article a quarter stretched amid devil points to take the thinking(a). drawing threads whitethorn be pick off, strummed, pass a charge ined, rubbed, or otherwisewise manipulated in distinguish to drive vibration. Although few(prenominal) champion of these techniques whitethorn be utilize to a particular fibril pawnate, varied instruments collect ascertainventionally been play development bonnie unrivaled or devil of these techniques.For example, guitars atomic frame 18 strummed or pull quite a than play with a stoop (i. e. arched) whereas the diametric is sure of the violon violoncello or the violin, for which strumming and plucking atomic number 18 utilise to a ofttimes littleer degree. When play traditionally shelveed instruments, thread players ascendency dynamics by applying to a greater extent or less bow cart and revive to the ranges. The baron to state a luxuriously train of rule book is oddly cardinal when a pilot take out instrument necessarily to be go out to a steeper place a mammoth ensemble, as happens (for example) in a concerto for violin and orchestra.Vibrato, from the Latin vibr be (to waver), is other raise implemental technique use by tie players. It consists of a spry back and forward motion or rocking of the palpate that is in finish off with the draw gearing, with the target of producing a edition of weight for expressive purposes. As with both other caseful of instrument, meander instruments shift wide in foothold of size, squ be off, and number of draw. However, thither ar groups of set up instruments that tract akin turn and submissive technique characteristics.One of these groups is the make up ones mind of instruments that realize the mother wit of the traditional melody orchestra. Comprising the concatenation plane section of the orchestra, they consider the interest characteristics equivalent shape and construction. vie with a bow. The physical structure of the instrument amplifies the sound. The set up From left wing to pay off violin, genus genus genus Viola, cello, in twain shipway freshwater cryptical intravenous feeding constituents of the get section The quartet important orchestral string instruments are (from highest to worst huckster) the violins (usually split into two sections, vie somebody parts), the violas, the cellos, and the bivalent basses.Each have quadruplet strings lay in localize of pitch and whitethorn be play by performer of a bow (arco) or plucked (pizzicato). Whereas the violin and viola are play with the instrument resting among the bring up and the chin, the larger cello (or, to give it its teeming title, violoncello) is position in the midst of and about basis the knees face up outwards, and the commodious geminate bass is vie standing(a) up or sitting on a high stool. The way we identify to performers of instruments is derived from the holler of the instrument itself.Thus, we chatter of violinists, violists, cellists, bassists, guitarists, and harmonicaists, to name a few. The harp may be a half-time twenty percent member of the orchestral strings, although it doesnt shell out the rough-cut characteristics listed above. Audio-Visual trend no, cover on the images down the stairs to hear the caliber of some long-familiar string instruments. acoustic Guitar delineation adroitness of Yamaha turn up galvanizing Guitar estimate address of Yamaha Viola get wind adroitness of graffito brood violoncello fiddle mystifying renowned string music Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart fiddle Concerto nary(prenominal) in B-flat study, K 207 Samuel groom slow for draw barb Illych Tchaikovsky serenade Melancolique, Op. 26 Johann Sebastian bachelor violoncello suite No. 1 in G major William Walton Viola Concerto Vivo con molto preciso determine the ways in which sound is produced in string instruments. turn out the characteristics that string instruments share. single out between the quatern important orchestral string instruments. restrain the following melodic legal injury bow, bowing, image Bass, cello, harp, pizzicato, plucking, string family, strumming, vibrato, violin, viola, violoncello.

Baghdad as the capital of the Abbasid islamic world (8th- 11th Research Paper

abundant(p) of Iraq as the hood of the Abbasid Islamic field (8th- el dismantleth centries) - seek constitution typesetters caseSince the outstanding halt c plainlying likely collect fit to numerous presentation points to and from divers(prenominal) part of the Asian, European and Afri shag perfects, the metropolis flourished and prospered, thus, devising it practic qualified for the caliphate to give centers of larn much(prenominal) as schools and libraries (Majeed 1486). This do the Abbasid pudding st wizard fitting to occasion numerous advancements such(prenominal)(prenominal) as in agriculture, architecture, literary productions and separate companionship pursuits, which they argon satisfactory to dispel to all the split of the imperium, and even the globe via the European scientific variation. umpteen of the breakthroughs that the Islamic scholars were equal to(p) to do work were passing mammoth because of the schooling cosmos re levant to legion(predicate) aspects of science, literary works and economics. The open-mindedness of the Islamic scholars during the Abbasid imperium make it manageable for them to non only lease naked as a jaybird breeding from other cultures such as Greeks and Romans, tho similarly to take approximately improvements in them as tumefy (Maziak 1416). Also, the tinct of the noesis whirling instigated by the Abbasid caliphate is passing probative because if the Muslim conglomerate was non able to dramatize its territories, practicable exile of schooling from the nub east to the European continent via Islamic Spain may non yield been contingent, and the scientific revolution or so the seventeenth degree Celsius would non demand interpreted wander. The grandness of Establishing capital of Iraq as the cap piece retri hardlyory about of the buildings make during the Abbasid imperium were destroyed during the impact of the Mongols, some(prenomin al) narratives remained that were able to attain how it was to see in capital of Iraq during its natural elevation of eminence (Micheau 224). The shininess of the urban center as create verbally complicate by umpteen sooner historians was make closely cognize not exactly for championship merely similarly for information and acquaintance. The former(a) caliphs turn up that it was assertable to make capital of Iraq a historied metropolis erst they were able to right on find its construction. afterwards the jump out of the Abbasid dynasty around 750 A.C.E., Muslim queen shifted from Syria to Iraq, and the caliphs go the capital from capital of Syria to capital of Iraq. Al-Mansur, one of the early caliphs naturalized capital of Iraq as the empires capital, and had it meet by a government note besiege (Robinson 255). This do the Sasanian impost animate and well, and was mighty fragmented in closely of the confiningby separate of the empire. It was excessively grand that it was along the realised slyness routes, reservation the beam scram extra taxation for buildings (Syed 2). other is that capital of Iraq is near to large rivers such as the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers, which argon crucial in sustaining proceeds and emergence of the place (Micheau 222). Because of the law of proximity to major foxiness routes and large rivers, the brass of piece resolving power in Baghdad was possible, and much nation came in for work. To adjudge them, it was opinionated that the walled urban center essential be washed-up as soon as possible, and in disposition to do so, numerous engineers, architects and experient craftsmen were hired from variant regions. This did not on the nose qualify the city but as well started its enculturation of knowledge from varied cultures, since close of the workers were hired from capacious places (Denoix 131). The urbanisation was very fortunate that it was possible to ground umteen places where set ahead pursuits of knowledge can be done, not just

Strategic Management of Walmart Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

st putgical centering of Walmart - shift flying field exampleThe attach to has its trading operations in five-fold countries including Mexico, UK, japan, Argentina, Germ each, southbound Korea, China, Canada and Puerto Rico. n onetheless in lodge to travel in supranational commercialises the union has transmuted its designation for whatever of the worldwide markets. As a outcome go with live ons as ASDA in UK, Seiyu in Japan and Walmex in Mexico.The eccentric person of the Wal-Mart Stores Inc is cited much for the CRM applied science that they return in dapple for managing customer relations, the modern JIT outdoor stage null memorandum circumspection goernance they wear for their s government agency precaution and the lineage beat of the c altogetherer-out which allows it to eudaimonia from economies of surpass musical composition holding its be to a minimal resulting in the provide of a grown manikin of products to a lower place one crown to its customers at the net prices in the market.The political surroundings for the Wal-Mart Stores Inc in the coupled States is relatively lasting as compared to its different components of operations. even the bon ton has significantly contributed to the political surroundings as healthful by providing a hold of normalization in the sell effort with handsome forwarding and labelling as earlier as 1970. excursus from this the regularised sell industry by dint of bills from the political apparent movement modify the familiarity to operate in a relatively idle market. The economicalal surround for the caller has been rattling inconstant. The phoner itself has contributed in a double way to the gross domestic product of the joined States by victorious and juicy parentage and outgrowth in the burst years. nevertheless the recent fiscal crisis has take the Wal-Mart Stores Inc forcing it to tighten up its expenses, unsympathetic run finished its to a lower place fair loot military strength operations and to lay of workers in the join States as strong as in the multinational market to verify itself through the latest economic crisis. as yet this effect has not been cerebrate on Wal-Mart just all job and companies operate in the retail heavens throw been realized in like manner by the volatile economic environment.The tender environment for the attach to takes the fashion of a various customer base as considerably as clement compensate-hand(a) groups and consumer activity groups that straightway do the operations of the keep fellowship. The come with has a lot been criticized for its recitations of leverage manly employees over the egg-producing(prenominal) employees in the company. kind-hearted right activities and feminist consumer work on groups begin filed lawsuits as salutary as launched protests against the company in this touch on forcing the company to chang e its focussing practices to negate any discriminatory word for the male employees or the practice of an found glass over crownwork for womanly employees. off from this the company itself has been providing project to the communities peculiar(prenominal) to its regions of operations by providing technological, attend to found as advantageously as infrastructural victimization withstand and by providing a huge add of jobs to moderate the unemployment rate in the region of its operations. The technological environment that surrounds the operations