Accountability and Transparency in Public Procurement

Responsibility and straightforwardness in open acquirement Police boss Hemant Karkare kicked the bucket with slug evidence coat at Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus on 26/11/2008 at 22:45 PM while assaulting pakistani psychological oppressors. Shot Proof coat was such low quality that doesn't work! From the above model, we can undoubtedly comprehended the Public obtainment is how much straightforward in our nation. Besides, It was not distributed in any paper that who is/are responsible for that Bullet Proof jacket(s). No one was responsible nor anyone got discipline!!! We can make a great deal of SWOT examination upon responsibility and transperancy, open obtainment versus ommercial acquisition and so forth however the inquiry is what’s the thresold furthest reaches of settling. Not just India, the greater part of the nations alongwith worldwide offices, for example, UNDP and the World Bank are blending and culminating their ways to deal with the conclusion of monetary responsibil ity. For example, World Bank’s Country Financial Accountability Assessment (CFAA) (CFAA survey the hazard that open assets might be utilized misguidedly, wastefully or inadequately, by looking at the money related administration gauges and practices of organizations utilizing assets against a worldwide or ‘best practice’ standard. Supportable Public Procurement is one significant method of trying to accomplish the UNDP’s great administration objective of â€Å"realizing improvement that offers need to poor people, propels ladies, continues nature and makes required open doors for business and different jobs. † The United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) is the primary legitimately restricting global enemy of defilement instrument. Starting at 12 July 2012, the show had been endorsed, acknowledged, affirmed or agreed to by 161 nations just as the European Union.On Dec 20, 2011 the Europian Commission authoritatively declared its proposit ion for the new obtainment mandates. Writing survey Literally responsibility implies the condition of being responsible, subject, or liable I. e. mindful, by the two its kin and its chosen bodies, for its decisions and activities. Straightforwardness means the free access to administrative political and financial exercises and choices. Obtainment is everything related with an approaching receipt. This remains constant for products, administrations, and works.In open acquisition straightforwardness and responsibility have been perceived as key conditions for advancing trustworthiness and forestalling defilement, offsetting with other great administration goals, for example, a proficient administration of open assets, giving certifications to reasonable rivalry and so forth. So as to guarantee in general an incentive for cash, the test for leaders is to characterize a proper level of straightforwardness and responsibility to lessen dangers to uprightness in open acquirement while seek ing after different points of open obtainment. Who is accountable?Every individual who is in a place of intensity on trust is responsible for the utilization of that power. Inside the execution of any framework, there is a progressive structure by which each level is responsible to the following more significant level, from work area assistant to the bureau. For example, the representative who neglected to keep up forward-thinking records, the Officer who neglected to direct the Clerk, the Head of Department who is liable to Parliament, however neglected to get adequate prepared staff and so on, etc. In any case, it is anything but difficult to nail down who is responsible. Open Procurement and Transparency The objective of Public acquisition are : ) serving the association, b) fitting utilization of open subsidizing, c) effective utilization of open financing, d) responsibility, e) esteem for cash and so on. Be that as it may, the genuine image of open acquisition is repulsive ! Th e most widely recognized practice is â€Å"Low Bid† or H1 bidder. Be that as it may, the â€Å"low bid† is likened to a low quality standard have frequently soured the open impression of the calling, despite the fact that the translation of a portion of these choices may have been accounted for outside of any relevant connection to the issue at hand. Indeed, even through e-acquisition consistently there is a hole exists. Also providing Low quality by offering incentive to govt. fficials is an exceptionally basic practice. For the most part Political powerholder to government hirelings are occupied with circumvention of their own laws. Parcel of models are disappointment of spending appraisals of incomes and consumptions, evasion of credit limits through a collection of unpaid bills, move of sums close to the furthest limit of the year to store records to keep away from slip by of assets, control of execution information and related methods. Consequently monetary develo pment and strategy measures may not be planned. Overall population may not generally comprehend what the legislature is doing.While a few nations survey of the evaluations by the review organization, or through an appraisal by FICO score offices however this training neutralize money related responsibility. There are imperative holes in most open financial plans and records. In a few cases, they don't give data on charge uses, exceptional assurances, non-money related resources, and liabilities including unexpected ones. Open acquirement tasks are dependent upon different controls: neighborhood controls, bookkeeping controls, controls made by financial specialists, just as outer controls and audits.As open acquisition has gotten increasingly decentralized, a key concern is the absence of co-appointment between different controls, which has prompted a few escape clauses and covers in powers over the obtainment procedure. Just a couple of nations have systems to guarantee coordination of control. A related trouble is to augment the utilization of data created by various controls. Interest for Public Procurement Public acquirement made by outside requests. As we realize that these are straightforwardness, trustworthiness and responsibility. Straightforwardness alludes to transparency and equivalent open doors for all intrigued bidders.Integrity alludes to maintaining a strategic distance from inappropriate, inefficient or degenerate and extortion rehearses. Responsibility alludes to the way that open acquirement specialists are answerable for compelling, legitimate, and moral method of obtainments. Open acquirement is influenced by unmistakable interior requests. This is serving various political objectives. This convolutes open acquisition, in light of the fact that occasionally it isn't clear to recognize the impact of political forces on open obtainments. The second inner interest is serving a lot of partners. These different partners may have distinctive obje ctives.Ultimately Common open endures. There are different factors likewise influences on the acquisition procedure. 1) Demands on the procedure from legitimate guidelines. 2) Public acquisition is confined from connecting with into long haul associations with their providers. 3) Absence of an ideal rivalry in open obtainment may influences by different ways. Advantages of responsibility Poverty is the greatest test confronting the globe in the new thousand years. Government is less responsible and receptive to residents. All the residents don't get equivalent access to government services.Conversely, enhancements in administration are related with higher per capita salary, higher grown-up proficiency, lower newborn child mortality and diminished neediness. Financial straightforwardness is an essential condition for sound monetary administration. Opportune distribution of a spending record empowers the market to assess government’s goals and permits itself a valuable control on the administration. Straightforwardness builds the political danger of unreasonable strategies. A straightforward open monetary bookkeeping strategy makes it conceivable to figure out what the legislature has done and to look at planned and real money related operations.Further, open acquisition arrangements not just encourage the accomplishment of essential macroeconomic approach targets, yet in addition increment the efficiency of open use. One of the basic goals of improved straightforwardness and responsibility is to diminish the degree of debasement in the administration of legislative issues. Focuses to guaranteeing responsibility and straightforwardness in open acquisitions are : Accurate records: A pre-condition for responsibility and control. Inner control: An administration instrument for development. Outside review: Must for SWOT analysis.Challenging acquisition choices: Complaint and plan of action systems with guaranteeing open examination. Thus the means to be taken are: a) Strengthening parliamentary control in huge framework ventures. b) Governments to decrease the significant expenses and the bending impact of debasement in open acquisition. c) Ensuring straightforwardness at all periods of acquirement, from interest creation to contract the board and installment, through unhindered access to all records for the Monitor and for all exercises, which carries both strategy and specialized aptitude to the task. ) Providing sufficient motivating forces and endorses for both the open power and bidders I. e. equivalent chance; f) Provide the correct condition for recognizing debasement and ensures against it. Other than bringing issues to light about the structure and the utilization of the open acquirement frameworks, we ought to follow the International basic philosophy for benchmarking and surveying open obtainment frameworks. The Capacities of Supporting Transparency and Accountability by our common society is the quality of novel and creative advancement. PARTHA MUKHERJEE [emailâ protected] com (1018 words)

Tort Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Tort Law - Essay Example Stringer additionally has an argument to make claims against McNulty as an optional casualty. This is on the grounds that he was available in the quick result of the mishap and had an immediate view of the mishap. Also, by ethicalness of Stringer Bell’s reaction to McNulty’s trouble call, following the choice in Frost v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire Police in which guarantees by saving police officers were permitted, Stringer will turn into an essential casualty of the episode as a rescuer (Best and Barnes, 2011: p61). Nonetheless, McNulty can't make claims against the Baltimore District Council for joint obligation in the mishap. This is on the grounds that, despite the fact that the development materials had been left out and about, they were not part of the street. He can't guarantee that the board was liable for expelling the materials as they had a place with Barksdale Development ltd. To make a case, he should show that the gathering was careless in the arran gement of a sheltered roadway (Best and Barnes, 2011: p63). Moreover, the chamber is resistant from being sued with the exception of in uncommon conditions, of which this isn't one of them as the materials had a place with Barksdale. At long last, Omar can sue Kima for monetary misfortune because of careless misquote. This is on the grounds that Kima knew the reason for which Omar looked for the counsel and Omar followed up on the guidance given to him to his monetary burden (Best and Barnes, 2011: p42). Nonetheless, on the grounds that Kima expected that he would look for counsel from another free source as she had just disclosed to him that she was unable to do a full street check without heading off to her carport, there is a likelihood that the case might be denied. In the subsequent case, Lucy can't make any cases against the zoo for her episode with the monkey. This is on the grounds that the harm she experienced the monkey nibble had been admonished by a sign that asked guests not to take care of the monkey without a zoo staff part. In

Free Essays on Labeling

White rubbish, muscle head, stoner, hinder, jigaboo, whore, and preppy are names that society gives individuals. By marking people or gatherings of individuals; do we as a general public impact a person’s conduct? I accept this is valid. In any case, not every person that is named ends up being what they have been pinpointed as. Naming hypothesis is one of numerous criminological speculations that attempts to clarify a person’s conduct. Does naming an individual truly affect that person’s conduct? Is a person’s conduct formed by social names? Does marking an individual simply reintegrate what society definitely knows? Marking hypothesis is an intricate hypothesis that clarifies why individuals think certain demonstrations and practices are freak and why others are definitely not. Naming hypothesis had numerous supporters of it’s presence. Charles Cooley’s Human Nature and the Social Order (1902) analyzed a person’s impression of themselves through investigations of kids and their fanciful companions. Through this examination Cooley built up the idea of the mirror self; in which individuals envision how others see them. The fundamental thought of mirror self is that one characterizes themselves as indicated by how society sees them (www.criminology.fsu.edu/crimtheory/becker.htm.) George Mead’s commitments to marking hypothesis is simply the is an item ones own self view of social images and collaboration. This thought moves the concentrate away from the individual and takes a gander at how society influences how an individual demonstrations. As indicated by Mead, the idea of how individuals see themselves is a procedure not a structure (www.criminology.fsu.edu/criminology/lemert.htm). Straight to the point Tannenbaum was conceivably the first marking scholar (http://faculty.ncwc.edu/toconnor/301/3011ect12.htm). His primary commitment was that of the performance of wickedness. He contended that by naming an individual inspires the very conduct that is being griped about. He proposed that Johnson 2 an individual becomes what they... Free Essays on Labeling Free Essays on Labeling White refuse, athlete, stoner, impede, jigaboo, skank, and preppy are marks that society gives individuals. By marking people or gatherings of individuals; do we as a general public impact a person’s conduct? I accept this is valid. In any case, not every person that is marked ends up being what they have been pinpointed as. Marking hypothesis is one of numerous criminological speculations that attempts to clarify a person’s conduct. Does naming an individual truly affect that person’s conduct? Is a person’s conduct formed by social names? Does naming an individual simply reintegrate what society definitely knows? Marking hypothesis is an intricate hypothesis that clarifies why individuals think certain demonstrations and practices are degenerate and why others are definitely not. Marking hypothesis had numerous supporters of it’s presence. Charles Cooley’s Human Nature and the Social Order (1902) analyzed a person’s view of themselves through investigations of youngsters and their fanciful companions. Through this investigation Cooley built up the idea of the mirror self; in which individuals envision how others see them. The fundamental thought of mirror self is that one characterizes themselves as indicated by how society sees them (www.criminology.fsu.edu/crimtheory/becker.htm.) George Mead’s commitments to naming hypothesis is simply the is an item ones own self impression of social images and communication. This thought moves the concentrate away from the individual and takes a gander at how society influences how an individual demonstrations. As indicated by Mead, the idea of how individuals see themselves is a procedure not a structure (www.criminology.fsu.edu/criminology/lemert.htm). Straight to the point Tannenbaum was per haps the first naming scholar (http://faculty.ncwc.edu/toconnor/301/3011ect12.htm). His primary commitment was that of the sensation of fiendishness. He contended that by marking an individual inspires the very conduct that is being grumbled about. He proposed that Johnson 2 an individual becomes what they...

Understanding Yourself as a Facilitator of Learning Research Paper

Understanding Yourself as a Facilitator of Learning - Research Paper Example This improved their psychological degree of adequacy (Pappamihiel, 2002). I additionally needed to fill in as a facilitator in bunch conversations sorted out inside the homeroom condition when we used to speak with one another in English however officially. Students, in such a situation had a sentiment of being watched and judged, which frequently made them anxious just as over cognizant, impeding their degree of certainty. What's more, with one student performing remarkably in examination with others, the moderate students used to get demotivated at specific occasions. As the procedure used to influence learners’ certainty level enormously, particularly for the moderate students, I would term this procedure as inadequate lacking enthusiastic and subjective worth attribution (Koulouriotis, 2011). Interestingly, I accept that intelligent casual or semi-formal instructing strategy will be progressively compelling for the grown-up students who will in general acquire classes on English as their subsequent language. Strategies that permit nonstop learning and learning through encounters will be most useful I accept. It won't just touch off psychological improvement and passionate quality for the non-English speakers yet will likewise inspire deep rooted learning among them that will guarantee in building up their individual aptitudes ceaselessly, significantly after the finish of their courses. Whenever given a choice, I could never utilize the conventional content deciphering technique for the students, which makes the whole learning process morally basic just as regularly demoralizing being profoundly dull in nature. Furthermore, such strategies don't give sufficient chance to the students to share their perspectives that would thusly allow powerful evaluation of their subjecti ve and enthusiastic turns of events. Consequently, I will attempt to evade the system in my learning approach (Cumming,

Nuclear Family and British Social Breakdown

Presentation One of the greatest worries of the contemporary British society is the issue society breakdown. This issue has accomplished the consideration of sociologists and anthropologists as well as the overall population too. Numerous variables have been ascribed to this social issue. Various hypotheses have been fronted to clarify the starting point, circumstances and end results of this challenge.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Nuclear Family and British Social Breakdown explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More As is commonly said numbers don't lie. As per insights, the likelihood of children in the Great Britain not been raised by the two guardians is the best in the area, aside from of Belgium, Latvia and Estonia. As we talk just under 66% of youngsters younger than 14 are living in a similar family unit with their natural guardians. This examination was completed by Organization for Economic Development and Co-activity (OEDC). The figures s hows that 68.9 percent of children under 14 live with both regular guardians in United Kingdom while 70.7 of a similar age section live with the two guardians in the United States, and 79.5 in France. These measurements structure the premise of our basic conversation. In this paper we look at and clarify the significance of family unit and its capacities in British society. The paper proceeds to clarify whether the decay of family unit adds to the more extensive British social breakdown. Difference and investigation of the nature and elements of the family unit with other family types or structures Comparatively family unit exhibits two or three likenesses and appears differently in relation to other family structures. A concise depiction of family unit is that it be characterized as a family that is made out of two arrangements of relatives, guardians and youngsters, living respectively in a similar home. Cooperation inside family is generally boundless and typically close to home. This can be delineated by the nearby direct experienced now and again, for example, sharing family unit utilities and offices. Relatives in a family unit are commonly more liberated with one another and frames nearer attaches when contrasted with different sorts of family structure. The center capacity of atomic is fundamentally supporting each other mentally, socially, and monetarily. This comes convenient with regards to executing crucial endeavors, for example, legacy of property where each part is relied upon to get an offer. In contrast with other family structures this activity is less mind boggling. In more distant families such issues as legacy can be named as bad dream, this is most likely in view of the bigger numbers. More distant family is the other significant kind of family structure. It very well may be depicted as a family with more than guardians and posterity. Humanist have pushed ahead and attempted to arrange more distant family as follows. First is the vertical more distant family. This branch is comprised of at least three sets, for example, grandparents, guardians and children.Advertising Looking for article on sociologies? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondly, the flat more distant family. This family comprises of cousins, aunties, and uncles. The last branch is adjusted broadened, generally alluded as Michael Gordon, after his remarkable commitment. This branch is basically comprised of at least two family units living independently. One normal separating factor among atomic and more distant family is the degree of sets portrayal in every one of them. It is additionally evident that numbers do change. Seldom will you find family units with less individuals than more distant family or bad habit section. As far as connections, more distant families have â€Å"weaker† relations when contrasted with family unit. As far as capacities the two vary a piece. In family unit th e attention is principally on the â€Å"immediate† individuals however in stretched out the center spreads out to address the issues of everybody in the family. The other quick creating structure of family is single-parent family. As the name implies, it is made out of a solitary parent and youngsters. From measurements, they are progressively female single guardians when contrasted with male guardians. In some cases this family type is alluded as a wrecked atomic on the grounds that regularly it is an aftereffect of broken family unit. Single-parent family can be appeared differently in relation to atomic by the way that in family unit the two guardians cooperate to benefit the kids while in single-parent family just one parent is included. Points of interest and impediments of family unit contrasted with different kinds of nuclear family The family unit bears numerous favorable circumstances and true to form some drawback moreover. To begin is the quality of protection. Mat ters directed inside a family unit are bound to be mystery, secret and private. Protection is a key factor looked by a great many people since it brings the component of respectability and formation of individual space. Budgetary soundness is another generally looked for after factor in marriage and society. Family unit gives the most helpful condition to money related solidness. The two guardians can spare, plan, and accommodate the kids. This makes the weight tolerable for the guardians and shields the youngsters from superfluous need. Another recognizable favorable position of family unit is opportunity, solace and shirking of pressure. Family unit makes that condition that is bound to be liberated from anxiety. As it were, individuals discover their approach to make an amazing most absent a lot of impedance from other â€Å"external† powers. The hindrance of family unit remembers absence of help from the bigger society for instance of inevitabilities, for example, disaste r or passing. All the more frequently, family unit will in general be â€Å"clogged† to itself and individuals may do not have the â€Å"external† contact. This is may add to absence of social skills.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Nuclear Family and British Social Breakdown explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Possible impacts of the ‘breakdown’ of society The condition of society breakdown can be added to numerous variables. With the end goal of this paper we will examine the accompanying components: Changes of family structure, profession improvement and women's liberation. Changes in family structure can be ascribed to the expanding danger of society breakdown. It is seen that a divided family will respect a divided society. This is a wellspring of worry to our general public. The conventional family has been meddled with and now what we are seeing is new types of relationships and families. These new improvement have come about to the dismal truth of heightening pace of separations. Strikingly since 1960, there has been a huge increment in divorces events in the Great Britain. Quite 1961 and 1969 the number multiplied and a similar increment was recorded in 1972. The pattern has kept on growing contacting its top at 1993 at 180,000. As indicated by specialists, a few couples are increasingly inclined to endure separate. The gathering that wedded youthful and had youngsters before the marriage or rehearsed dwelling together. The other defenseless gathering is accomplices who have been hitched or experienced another separation. Profession advancement is the other fundamental patron of society breakdown. Relationships and families for the most part request a great deal of time and assets. In a similar tone, profession improvement is burdening and expends a ton of time. The quality and insight to adjust the two has lead numerous individuals to pick neglecting marriage and family to the detrimen t of building up their vocations. Comprehensively taking a gander at it, toward the day's end the general public is harmed in light of the fact that this implies bargain in different perspectives. In such a case it is simpler to cohabitate than to deal with a family. It is simpler and more lofty to progress in the direction of occupation advancement than to forfeit accounts for family. The other could be related with broken society is the part of woman's rights. From the beginning I should explain that this perspective isn't totally off-base however just a few sections which are lost. As we probably am aware it is the duty of ladies to be â€Å"homemaker† in the family. This is an honorable undertaking that requires a great deal of quietude and tolerance. In any case, what are we finding in the general public? Ladies who are so unsettled for their privilege to such an extent that they can't just be homemakers. The hypothesis of woman's rights means well yet whenever tended to with insight then I am apprehensive it winds up accomplishing more damage than anything else. A family needs both a man and a lady. The man is the head and lady supporting him. Furthermore, together they structure an atomic family.Advertising Searching for paper on sociologies? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Rebuilding of family unit Nuclear family is the best family structure for reclamation of the wrecked society. From the above conversation unmistakably the qualities exceed the shortcomings. Reclamation of family unit is an entirely conceivable crucial. This could be accomplished through completing projects empowering particularly the youngsters the hugeness of family and atomic in this issue. This program could consolidate â€Å"success stories†, couples, families that have effective lived to appreciate the products of family unit. End From the above conversation it clear that decrease in family unit is prompting the more extensive broken society in the present British society. In outline family unit plays a key and essential job to the prosperity the general public. This can be shown by the amount we, as the general public, remain to pick up if this family structure will be reestablished. Coming up next are the principle benefactors of the general public ‘breakdown†™ they incorporate Changes of family structure, vocation improvement and women's liberation. This exposition on Nucle

The Tempest of a Crumbling Empire Destruction - Free Essay Example

During the 18th century, empires and its ruins were known for being displayed through mediums of arts such as paintings, which contributed to our understanding and interpretation of the stages of an empire, at its high and its low. A recurring and popular depiction of ruins often seen in such historical art shows an empire at the brink of its collapse. Thomas Cole illustrated his own version of such through his painting Destruction, a prime example of how chaos due to nature and the immoral actions of mankind lead to an empires fall. In Coles series of paintings known as The Course of Empire, Cole introduced a cyclical perspective of history in which a civilization appears, matures, and collapses. In particular, Destruction embodies the fourth stage of what Cole interprets to be representative of an empire: the demolition of a once magnificent civilization caused by the brutal bloodshed between battling armies and the erratic forces of nature, which include ominous clouds, a storm-cursed sea, and violent flames. At first blush, the most obvious detail is, of course, the destruction of the city, amidst the brewing tempest striking out in the distance. It appears that a convoy of soldiers has taken control of the citys defenses, and has sailed to the port of the city, as their ships, though in the process of sinking, make an appearance in the illustration. The depiction of these sinking ships could very well be ships that sailed to the city as a vehicle of transportation for trade at the time, as empires thrived off of commerce at the time. The nature in which these ships are shown suggest that these ships that once fostered prosperous trade and exploration now perish and sink in the turmoil of war. Adjacent to the ships stands a woman who appears to be running away from a soldier who is grasping her clothes in what seems to be an attempt to capture her. Depending on ones interpretation, it may look as if she is committing suicide or being pushed over the edge by her pursuer and into the ocean. This serves as an indication of the collapse of civilization into sexual abuse, which further supports the notion that immoral acts lead to chaos. It is notable to observe that amidst the faceless and unknown swarms of warriors blanketed by a smoky, dark-filled sky, this woman in white is strikingly different from the others, and stands out as an individual. One of the most outstanding details of the painting is the irate statue on the right, armed with a massive iron shield. This faceless, headless statue appears to be trekking into battle as the precursor of the war occurring below it, but also ironically striding towards a murky future, as observable through the scenes of the image. If one were to observe the painting in greater depth, though, we can see that there are peasants at the foot of the structure that seem to be almost begging with this statue. They are crouched on their knees and looking towards the statue as if it would protect them from the sinister destruction occurring around them, so long as they worship the object. It is quite ironic that the said people would plead to the statue for a sense of security, as their fate is sealed by the multitude of disasters, including nature itself, happening before their eyes. Just like how no individual is capable of escaping the cycle of life, Destruction implies that there ceases to exist a civilization that escapes the judgment and facts of what ultimately becomes of an empire, especially one that foregoes democracy and peace for the sake of power. Like depicted in this picture, merciless slaughter and the blood of the fallen taint the streets that were once meant for people to walk freely on, and the temples and grand mansions that were the peaks of its time soon disintegrated into nothingness. The biggest indicator of the fall of Coles empire, arguably, is the fact that the dead corpses in the image lie where they were killed, in fountains and on top of monuments built to celebrate the affluence and prosperity of the now fallen civilization.

Should All Automobiles be banned to Reduce Pollution - 275 Words

Should All Automobiles be banned to Reduce Pollution? (Essay Sample) Content: NameInstructorSubjectDateShould All Automobiles be banned to Reduce Pollution?With the threat of global warming, climate change and related natural disasters like flooding becoming more serious in the 21st century, it is necessary that national government take drastic measure to curb environmental pollution. Banning all automobiles, however, is unpractical it will ruin national economies by halting the movement of people, raw materials, and finished products.Banning all automobiles would undoubtedly minimize pollution by reducing the amount of exhaust fumes released into the atmosphere. Such a policy, however, is unpractical. Land transport is responsible for the movement of over 80 percent of traffic passengers and 70 percent of freight traffic (Henderson-Sellers and McGuffie 351). In North America, trucks carry 80 percent of all cargo that passes through Mexico, the U.S., and Canada (Carbaugh 4). The implication of these statistics is that banning all automobiles wi ll result in over 80 percent of workers not getting to their places of work, and 70 percent of raw materials and goods not getting to their destinations. As a result, business activities will come to a complete halt due to lost labor and businesses finding it impossible to transport raw materials to industries and haul finished products to the market.The ideal solution to the problem of pollution is minimizing carbon gas emissions by promoting public transport and clean sources of energy. Governments can promote public transport through tax incentives to employers who provide free transport for workers. This could encourage people to use company transport, thereby reducing the number of vehicles on the roads. Additionally, investing new technologies can help to invent hybrid vehicles that run on solar energy, and reduce the levels of vehicular carbon emissions.In conclusion, environmental pollution is a serious problem that can lead to climate change and trigger natural calamities. Banning all automobiles to reduce pollution is inappropriate because it will result in economic stagnation by hindering the movement of people to work, raw materi...